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China’s manufacturing sector unexpectedly contracts

Dec 1, 2025, 8:37am EST
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Batteries for electric vehicles are manufactured at a factory in Dongguan.
Bobby Yip/File Photo/Reuters

A gauge of Chinese manufacturing activity unexpectedly contracted last month, a worrying sign for the world’s second-biggest economy as it looks to combat a litany of challenges.

The private survey focused on export-oriented companies, suggesting potential vulnerability as Beijing looks to ward off the consequences of Washington’s trade restrictions. It also confirmed the persistent struggles facing the country, including moribund growth, a mountain of debt, high levels of youth unemployment, and a still-unfolding real estate crisis.

Two official surveys released over the weekend also showed contraction across various sectors of the economy. “The sharp slowdown in momentum is worrying,” a Commerzbank economist warned in a note to clients.

A chart showing China’s manufacturing PMI.
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